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the science of alchemy

To understand the chemistry, we must consider how to convert a substance into another, which formed the basis of metallurgy since its first appearance towards the end of Neolithic, appeared in a culture without any formal knowledge of physical or chemistry, as a work of magic.

In ancient times, a physics devoid of metaphysical component would be partial and incomplete like a metaphysics devoid of physical manifestation. Therefore, for the alchemists there was no reason to separate the material dimension of the symbolic or philosophical.

The transmutation of base metals into gold (eg with Stone or great elixir or quintessential or stone of the philosophers or red dye ) symbolizes an attempt to reach the perfection and overcome the ends of existence . The alchemists believed that the entire universe itself tending towards a state of perfection, and gold, for its intrinsic nature of immortality, was considered the most perfect of substances. It was also logical to think that being able to reveal the secret of the immutability of gold would have obtained the key to overcoming diseases and organic decay, hence the intertwining themes of chemical, spiritual and astrological that were characteristic of medieval alchemy.

The science of alchemy had also evolved greatly over time, beginning almost as an appendage metallurgical product of religion, maturing into a rich accumulation of studies, mysticism, and eventually transforming into providing some of the fundamental empirical knowledge in chemistry and modern medicine.

Until the eighteenth century, alchemy was considered a serious science in Europe, for example, Isaac Newton spent much time studying alchemy rather than one dedicated to optics or physics, for which he became famous. However Newton always maintained a remarkable restraint around his alchemical studies, and never published works on the subject. It was the economist John Maynard Keynes nel1936 made public Newtonian manuscripts on alchemy, which had come into possession of an auction.

Other eminent alchemists of the Western world were Roger Bacon, St. Tommasso Aquinas, Tycho Brahe , Thomas Browne, the Parmigianino, Giordano Bruno, and among the last Cagliostro. The decline of alchemy began in the eighteenth century with the rise of modern chemistry, which provided a more precise and real structure of matter transmutations and medicine, with a new grand design of the universe based on rational materialism.

The history of alchemy has become a prolific academic field for speculation. As he 's hermetic language of the alchemists was gradually deciphered, historians have begun to find connections between the intellectual discipline and other components Western cultural history, as the mystical society of the kind of Rosicrucians, the witchcraft and of course the evolution of science and philosophy.

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Bibliography:

A. Roob - Alchemy and Mysticism - Taschen, Cologne 1997;

(wapedia.mobi.it)